PC headphone socket is for 3 connections: sound left and right and ground/return
Your mobile 'phone headset is for 4 connections, as you have a microphone connection.
As in both cases the size of the plug is the same, this means the connectors take up less space.You may only get sound in your left ear, as that is the only connector that will connect properly.
Look at the plug on your headset and then compare with a standard 3.5mm headphone/earphone plug.Same size, but they are different and not compatible I'm afraid.