Is cycling 10 minutes on a stationary bike with high resistance enough for fat loss?

Any exercise is effective for fat loss, but to lose weight you need to have a caloric deficit in your diet.
When your body has a caloric deficit (i.e Providing your body with less calories than it needs to sustain itself) then the body will rely on fat for energy.

Weight loss is 90% diet, 10% exercise.
Get your diet right & you'll shed the pounds!