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Pros
Solar energy is inexhaustible and has generally benign environmental impacts.

Solar energy has widespread public acceptance and relatively uniform geographic distribution.

Certain solar technologies are suitable for use in small units and many are considered potentially less complex and hazardous than other energy supply technologies now in use.

In the long term, solar energy should be able to provide each of the energy forms used by people: heat, electricity, and fuels.

Because the risks from solar energy appear to be generally less than those of other energy sources and public confidence in solar energy is strong, employing solar energy technologies will not create political controversy.

The thermal burden of the earth is not increased by the use of solar collectors.

Solar collectors could eliminate the need for energy transportation and distribution networks, thereby reducing waste. Up to 70 percent of the cost of providing electricity in the U.S. is in its distribution.

Solar collectors have a high energy yield.

Large solar farms in the desert regions could increase land productivity by shading areas that could then be used for range land.

Many solar power systems don't required sophisticated, complex organizations for installation and operation.

Small-scale solar energy devices can be mass produced with great savings to the consumer.

Cons
The direct applications of solar thermal energy are generally more costly than conventional alternatives.

There are high initial costs to build and install solar collectors.

In order for the potential of solar energy to be used most effectively, large areas of land for solar collectors are required.

Because solar collectors must be very large, they use high volumes of nonrenewable materials in their construction, resulting in high energy costs.

Solar energy is unreliable because sunshine can be intermittent.

Solar energy is diffuse and of low quality.

Solar energy is not storable in its primary form.

Solar collectors have low efficiency (5-15 percent) in extracting energy from the sun.

The effects of weather are often unpredictable.

Widespread use of rooftop flat-plate collectors would require large amounts of steel, copper, and glass compared to centralized power plants.

Leaks of collector fluids used in solar space and water heating can damage buildings and contaminate buildings' water supply. Toxic substances used in the manufacture of photovoltaic cells are occupational hazards, can contaminate water in manufacturing areas, and can be released from overheated or burning cells.
 
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