Each of the statements below attempts to explain why some periodic property varies predictably among elements in the periodic table. Determine if each statement is true or false.

Within a period, elements with lower atomic numbers have atoms of smaller radius because the atoms have higher effective nuclear charge.

Within a family, elements with higher atomic numbers have atoms of smaller radius because the valance electrons are in higher principal energy levels.

Within a period, elements with higher atomic numbers have lower electronegativity because the valance electrons are in higher principal energy levels.

Within a family, elements with lower atomic numbers pull more strongly on electrons in a bond, because the valance electrons are in higher principal energy levels.


Within a family, elements with higher atomic numbers require more energy to remove an electron from the atom, because the valance electrons are in lower principal energy levels.

Within a period, elements with lower atomic numbers have lower ionization energy because the valance electrons are in higher principal energy levels.